Animal Shelter using Bluetooth and RFID tags

                        Security and handling of life stock is a very important task in the farm. Handling large amount of livestock manually is a tedious process that consumes a lot of time and manpower .To avoid wastage of time and manpower, livestock handling can easily be done using peripherals of today's technology. We have used a small scale micro controller to do the same. using a micro controller and the basic R.F.I.D technology, the purpose of handling of cattle can be achieved easily.

Since in the farm there are a large variety of animals present and each kind of animal has to be protected from the other kind. Segregating them according to their kind is a very difficult task and takes a lot of time. Hence we a put a collar on the neck of every animals present in the farm. This collar have a RFID tag attached to it. The RFID tags provided to a specific kind of animal will have a particular code and the particular code will be stored in the micro controller which is connected to the RFID tag reader. If the RFID tag matches the RFID reader the gate of the shelter provided to a particular animal will open and the animal will be granted access into the shelter. Also the owner of the farm will be able to control the shelter gates using an app which is Bluetooth interfaced with the micro controller which is used with RFID reader. The owner will have the power to disable the gates of the shelter and manually control it using the app that is provide in this smartphone.

   

RFID:

RFID systems can be classified by the type of tag and reader. A Passive Reader Active Tag (PRAT) system has a passive reader which only receives radio signals from active tags (battery operated, transmit only). The reception range of a PRAT system reader can be adjusted from 1–2,000 feet (0–600 m), allowing flexibility in applications such as asset protection and supervision.

i) An Active Reader Passive Tag (ARPT) system has an active reader, which transmits interrogator signals and also receives authentication replies from passive tags.

ii) An Active Reader Active Tag (ARAT) system uses active tags awoken with an interrogator signal from the active reader. A variation of this system could also use a Battery-Assisted Passive (BAP) tag which acts like a passive tag but has a small battery to power the tag's return reporting signal.

Bluetooth module HC-05:

These modules are based on the Cambridge Silicon Radio BC417 2.4 GHz Bluetooth Radio chip. This is a complex chip which uses an external 8 Mbit flash memory. HC-05 is a more capable module that can be set to be either Master or Slave. These small (3 cm long) modules run on 3.3 V power with 3.3 V signal levels, They have no pins and usually solder to a larger board.

Circuit diagram:

When the system starts, the doors are set to be in closed position. Manual mode is off when system starts. When manual mode is off, only rfid input are to be taken via rfid reader(EM-18), while when manual mode is on, only Bluetooth inputs are to be taken via the android app. The Bluetooth module(HC-05) has to be paired previously with the phone by input of a pairing code.

For connection, after opening the app, click on search for devices. A new screen appears displaying the list of paired Bluetooth devices. Select the device (HC-05) to connect.

                                        

When the phone is connected to the Bluetooth module, a message appears on the app that says ‘connected’. On successful connection, user can choose to enable or disable manual mode. If manual mode is enabled, 2 buttons appear in app that allow to open or close the door manually.When manual mode is disabled, the buttons disappear on the app, ie. Only rfid inputs will be accepted. If the correct tag was scanned, then the door will open for 10 seconds and then close. If incorrect tag was scanned, then nothing should happen.